Abu Hurairah (Arabic: أبو هريرة), (also known as `Abd al-Rahman ibn Sakhr Al-Azdi (Arabic: عبدالرحمن بن صخر الأزدي), Abu Hurayrah, or Abu Horaira) (603 – 681) was a companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and the narrator of Hadith most quoted in the isnad by Muslims.[citation needed]
Early life
Abu Hurairah was born in Baha, Yemen into the Banu Daws tribe from the region of Tihamah on the coast of the Red Sea. His father had died, leaving him with only his mother and no other relatives. His name at birth was Abd al-Shams (servant of the sun). However, as a child, he had a cat and became known as "Abu Hurairah" (which literally means "Father of the Kitten" or more idiomatically "Of the kitten").
As a young man, he worked for Bushra bint Ghazwan.
In speeches and lectures, in Friday khutbahs and seminars, in the books of hadith and sirah, fiqh and ibadah, the name Abu Hurairah is mentioned in this fashion:
- "On the authority of Abu Hurairah, may God be pleased with him, who said: The Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, said …".
Through this phrase millions of Muslims, from the early history of Islam to the present, have come to be familiar with the name Abu Hurairah.
Conversion
Abu Hurairah embraced Islam through Tufayl ibn Amr the chieftain of his tribe.
Tufayl had returned to his village after meeting Muhammad and become a Muslim in the early years of his mission. Abu Hurairah was one of the first to respond to his call, unlike the majority of Tufayl's tribesmen.
Abu Hurairah accompanied Tufayl to Mecca to meet Muhammad who, according to Sunni tradition, renamed him Abd al-Rahman (servant of the Merciful, one of the 99 Names of God). Abu Hurairah then returned to his tribe for several years.
Medina and Mecca
In 629 he went to Medina with some others from his tribe. Since Muhammad was absent due to the Battle of Khaybar, he stayed in the masjid.
He had a wife named Bushra;the proof of this is in Fadi'l Aa'mal. His mother, who was still a polytheist, was with him. He prayed for her to become a Muslim, but she refused. Sunni sources report:
One day, he again invited his mother to believe in the One God and His Prophet of Allah. She answered with some bad words about the Prophet of Allah. Abu Hurairah went to the Prophet of Allah with tears in his eyes. “Why are you crying, Abu Hurairah?” asked the Prophet of Allah. “I always invite my mother to Islam, and she always refuses,” said Abu Hurairah. “I asked her again today. But she said some things about you that made me sad. Can you pray to God for her to turn to Islam?” The Prophet of Allah prayed for Abu Hurairah’s mother to accept Islam. When Abu Hurairah went home, he found the door closed. He heard the splashing of water. He tried to enter the house, but his mother said, “Wait a minute. Don’t come in yet.” Then she got dressed and said, “You can come in now.” When Abu Hurairah went inside, his mother said, “I declare that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is His Servant and Messenger.” Abu Hurairah again went to the Prophet crying. But this time his tears were tears of joy. “I have good news, Rasul Allah,” he said. “God has answered your prayer and guided my mother to Islam.”
Abu Hurairah, with other Muslim, suffered from hunger when the Muslims were poor in Madina.
When I was afflicted with severe hunger, I would go to a companion of the Prophet of Allah and asked him about an ayah of the Qur'an and (stay with him) learning it so that he would take me with him to his house and give food. One day, my hunger became so severe that I placed a stone on my stomach. I then sat down in the path of the companions. Abu Bakr passed by and I asked him about an ayah of the Book of God. I only asked him so that he would invite me but he didn't. Then Umar ibn al-Khattab passed by me and I asked him about an ayah but he also did not invite me. Then the Messenger of Allah , passed by and realized that I was hungry and said: "Abu Hurairah!" "At your command" I replied and followed him until we entered his house. He found a bowl of milk and asked his family: "From where did you get this?" "Someone sent it to you" they replied. He then said to me: "O Abu Hurairah, go to the Ahl as-Suffah and invite them." Abu Hurairah did as he was told and they all drank from the milk. Abu Hurairah then spent one year and ten months with Muhammad in Madinah, before the Prohet's of Allah death on 8 June 632 in Madinah.
Death and legacy
Abu Hurairah died in 681 at the age of 78.
Of the hadith held as authentic by the majority Sunnis, Abu Hurairah is the most quoted person in men. Next to him come the names of such companions as Abdullah ibn Umar, Anas ibn Malik, Jabir ibn Abdullah and Abu Said al-Khudri all of whom transmitted over a thousand sayings of Muhammad.
He is quoted saying:
“I grew up as an orphan. I emigrated as a poor person. I used to serve Gazevan’s daughter, Bushra. I served others when they stopped on the road. I drove the camels on the road. Then God made it possible for me to marry Bushra. Praise be to God who has strengthened His religion and made me an imam (leader).”
His daughter married Said ibn Al-Musayyib.
Sunni view
A majority of the Sunni scholars consider Abu Hurairah to be one of the major narrators of Hadith, and like all of the Sahabah, trustworthy.
Shi'a view
Shi'a tradition rejects the authenticity of Abu Hurairah's hadith, seldom accepting only when there are similar hadith narrated by Sahabah (companions) and family of Muhammad who are considered reliable by Shi'a. They consider him an enemy of Imam Ali, Imam Hassan and Imam Hussain due to having been in favor with Mu'awiya, and thus hold him in low regard. Shia's allege Mu'awiya to have killed Muhammad's cousin and grandson, who Muhammad loved and cared for. Shia's believe that Abu Hurairah defended and cherished Mu'awiya. Shia's also believe Mu'awiya killed the 4th Caliph, Aisha's Brother and most of the original Sahaabas of Muhammad.
Imam Ali was the leader of the Muslims at that time and Shia's believe that Mu'awaiya wanted to usurp this for his own power. They allege that he ripped up Qurans, put it on the end of his armies swords and killed 70,000 Muslims. Mu'awiya then installed his son Yazid who was half Pagan and half Christian (Mu'awaiya's Christian wife's son).
Yazid used to focus on Pagan and Christian methods. Yazid massacred the rest of Muhammad's family and killing many people who were being Islamic. Shia's believe that Abu Hurairah takes the side of the people who rip the Quran up and then put it on the end of Spears to kill Muhammad's family and 70,000 Muslims.
Historical texts indicate Abu Hurairah appeared in and around the Islamic camp around the end of the Battle of Khyber after the Muslim victory. Shia's claim he was able to include himself in the Muslim elite of that time, having done the same previously with the Jewish rulers who were defeated in Khyber.
The Shia allege that Abu Hurairah was convicted of lying, whipped and instructed to not make hadiths by Umar Khattab. It's documented in Sunni texts that when a person is convicted of lying all their hadiths become void. Shia's claim that many of Abu Hurairah's hadiths were based on events that took place when he was not even present or in the vicinity, for example, he would be hundreds of miles away from an event that he narrates like he is there. They also accuse him of adding his own ideas to hadiths that are often quoted as if directly from Muhammad.
One historian illustrates the undiscerning view of Sunnis in regard to Abu Hurairah's hadiths:
One hadith narrated by Abu Hurairah was once mentioned in the presence of Haroun al-Rasheed. It said, "Moses met Adam once whereupon he asked him, `Are you the one who had us dismissed from Paradise?'" A man from Quraysh who was present then asked, "When did Adam meet Moses?!" Al-Rasheed became very angry and said, "Saying too much and the sword go hand in hand; kill this atheist who doubts the hadith of the Messenger of Allah."
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